In memory of my father Joseph Silberschatz my mother Vera Silberschatz and my grandparents Stepha and Aaron Rosenblum Avi Silberschatz
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Silberschatz, Abraham. DonnelleyĪll credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. Louis, Missouri (USE) Cover Image: © Brand X Pictures/PunchStock Compositor: Aptara®, Inc. Rolwes Cover Designer: Studio Montage, St. Leick Senior Production Supervisor: Laura Fuller Design Coordinator: Brenda A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ISBN 978-0-07-352332-3 MHID 0-07-352332-1 Global Publisher: Raghothaman Srinivasan Director of Development: Kristine Tibbetts Senior Marketing Manager: Curt Reynolds Project Manager: Melissa M. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Silberschatz6e_fm_i-ii.indd Page ii 12/3/09 2:51:51 PM userĭATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPTS, SIXTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Sudarshan Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay